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Gabriel Narutowicz
Gabriel Narutowicz (; 17 March 1865–16 December 1922) was a Polish professor of hydroelectric engineering at Switzerland's Zurich Polytechnic, Polish Minister of Public Works (1920–21), Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (1922), and then the first president of the Second Polish Republic (1922). He was assassinated in 1922, while in office.〔Richard M. Watt, ''Bitter Glory: Poland and Its Fate, 1918 to 1939'', p. 168.〕
==Family==
Gabriel Narutowicz was born into a Polish-Lithuanian noble family in Telsze (now Telšiai in Lithuania), then part of the Russian Empire after the partitioning of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. His father, Jan Narutowicz, was a local district judge and landholder in the Samogitian village of Brėvikiai. As a result of his participation in the January 1863 Uprising against Imperial Russia, he was sentenced to a year in prison; he died when Gabriel was only one year old.
Gabriel’s mother, Wiktoria Szczepkowska, was Jan's third wife. Following her husband's death she raised the sons herself. An educated woman, intrigued by the philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment, she had a great influence on the development of Gabriel and his siblings' world view. In 1873 she moved to Liepāja, Latvia, so that her children would not be forced to attend a Russian school (Russification in Latvia after the Uprising of 1863 was less enforced than in Lithuania and Poland, the center of the uprising).
An illustration of the dual nature of the family's identity is Gabriel Narutowicz’s brother, Stanisław Narutowicz, who, after Lithuania regained independence in 1918, became a Lithuanian, not Polish, citizen. Earlier, towards the end of World War I, Stanisław had become a member of the Council of Lithuania, the provisional Lithuanian parliament. He was a signatory to the Lithuanian Act of Independence of 16 February 1918.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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